Makara Sankranti the celebration of Sun is called as Also called Magha, Mela, Maghi, Bhogi called various names in various states in India.
It is watched every year in the lunar month of Magha which compares with the long stretch of January according to the Gregorian schedule and is a day the individuals of India praise their harvest. Makara Sankranti is one of only a handful of scarcely any antiquated Indian celebrations that have been seen by sun based cycles, while most celebrations are set by the lunar pattern of the lunisolar.
The celebrations related with Makar Sankranti is known by different names, for example, Magh Bihu in Assam, Maghi (went before by Lohri) in Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh, famous among both the Hindus and Sikhs, Sukarat in focal India, Thai Pongal in Tamil Nadu, Ghughuti in Uttarakhand or just as ‘Makara Sankranti’ in Odisha, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh (likewise called Pedda Pandaga), Telangana, West Bengal (additionally called Poush Sankranti) and Uttar Pradesh (likewise called Khichdi Sankranti)
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Makar Sankranti celebration Date
Makara Sankranti is set by the solar cycle pattern of the Hindu lunisolar calendar and is seen on a day that generally falls on 14 January of the Gregorian schedule, but sometimes on 15 January.
According to the sun oriented Calendar, following one year, the Sun goes to a similar area 20 minutes late consistently, which implies the Sun needs 1 day extra after like clockwork in the sky. Since Gregorian schedule doesn’t suit this distinction Makar Sankranti sometimes moves from 14 January to 15 January.
Makar Sankranti is known by different names In States Across India
| Suggi Habba, Makara Sankramana, Makara Sankranti | Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh Telangana |
| Makara Sankranti or Makara Mela and Makara Chaula | Odisha |
| Makara Sankranti or Til Sankrant | Bihar |
| Makar Sankranti, Maghi Sankrant, Haldi Kumkum or Sankranti | Maharashtra, Goa, Nepal |
| Thai Pongal or Uzhavar Thirunal | Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia |
| Uttarayan | Gujarat |
| Maghi | Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Punjab |
| Magh Bihu or Bhogali Bihu | Assam |
| Shishur Saenkraat | Kashmir Valley |
| Sakraat or Khichdi | Uttar Pradesh and western Bihar |
| Poush Sankranti | West Bengal, Bangladesh |
Makar Sankranti: The Way It Is Celebrated In States Across India
- Makar Sankranti in Karnataka
In Karnataka, it is called Suggi the harvest festival of Karnataka. On this festival day, people wear new clothes and visit family members with a Sankranti offering in a plate and exchange the same with other families is called as “Ellu Birodhu” Offering plate contain ” Ellu” (white sesame seeds) mixed with fried groundnuts, neatly cut dry coconut and fine cut Bella (jaggery). The mixture is called “Ellu-Bella” and The plate contains shaped sugar candy molds with a piece of sugarcane. There is a saying in Kannada “Ellu Bella Thindu Olle Maathadi” Which means eat the mixture of sesame seeds and jaggery and speak only good.
2) Makar Sankranti in Andhra Pradesh & Telangana
In Andhra Pradesh & Telangana this festival is celebrated in four days
- Day 1 – Bhogi
In Andhra Pradesh & Telangana the day before Makara Sankranti is called Bhogi. This is when people discard old and derelict things and concentrate on new things causing change or transformation. At dawn, people light a bonfire with logs of wood, other solid fuels and wooden furniture that are no longer useful.
- Day 2 – Makara Sankranti
The second day is Makara Sankranti. People wear new clothes, pray to God, and make offerings of traditional food to ancestors who have died. For this festival all families prepare chekkalu, chakralu, arisalu, buralu, gavvalu, purnalu, bundi mithai, bundi laddu, garelu, chakinalu, nuvvula appalu, katte appalu or karam appalu, madugulu (jantikalu), bellam appalu, kudumulu, ariselu, appalu (a sweet made of jaggery and rice flour), dappalam (a dish made with pumpkin and other vegetables) and make an offering to God.
- Day 3 – Kanuma
On the third day, Kanuma is celebrated. Kanuma is very intimate to the hearts of farmers because it is the day for praying and showcasing their cattle with honor. Cattle are the symbolic indication of prosperity.
Day 4 – Mukkanuma
The fourth day is called Mukkanuma which is popular among the non-vegetarians of society. On this day, farmers offer prayers to the elements (like soil, rain, fire for helping the harvest) and the (village) goddesses with their gifts which sometimes (and these days mainly) include animals. Kanuma, Mukkanuma and the day following Mukkanuma call for celebrations with the union of families, friends, relatives. People play with kites and the sky is filled with beautiful kites.
3) Makar Sankranti in Assam
In Assam, Makar Sankranti is called Magh Bihu or Bhogali Bihu. Bhogali Bihu is a harvest festival in Assam. The festival is marked by feasts and bonfires. Young people erect makeshift huts, known as Meji and Bhelaghar, from bamboo, leaves, and thatch, and in Bhelaghar they eat the food prepared for the feast and then burn the huts the next morning. The celebrations also feature traditional Assamese games such as tekeli bhonga (pot-breaking) and buffalo fighting. During Magh Bihu people of Assam make cakes of rice with various names such as Shunga Pitha, Til Pitha, etc. and some other sweets of coconut called Laru or Laskara.
4) Makar Sankranti in Maharashtra
In Maharashtra on Makar Sankranti day people exchange multi-colored halwa and til-gul laddoo. As per believes Lord Surya forgave his son Shani and his son visited him on Sankranti. And that’s why people distribute everyone sweets and urge them to let go of any negative or angry feelings.
5) Makar Sankranti in Bihar and Jharkhand
In Bihar and Jharkhand, the festival is celebrated on 14–15 January. On 14 January, it is celebrated as Makar Sankranti and on 15 January, it is celebrated as Makraat.
6) Makar Sankranti in Gujarat
Makar Sankranti is called Uttarayan in Gujarat is a major festival in the state of Gujarat which lasts for two days. 14 January is Uttarayan and 15 January is Vasi-Uttarayan. Gujarati people keenly await this festival to fly kites, called ‘patang’. Kites for Uttarayan are made of special light-weight paper and bamboo and are mostly rhombus shaped with a central spine and a single bow. The string often contains abrasives to cut down other people’s kites.
